论死刑存废伦理学.docxVIP

论死刑存废摘要：死刑自古就应用和实施于世界各地，从起初的为了祭祀和处置战俘需要，到后来的维护社会秩序、维护公平正义和统治者统治需要，死刑的种类也经历了单一——多元——单一的发展历程。死刑本是因为人类的报复心理而产生，而后又被人们冠以“正义”的称号，是国家依照法律为维护社会秩序和公平正义而对犯人实施的一种严厉的刑罚。起初人们希望以此来减少犯罪的发生，后来发现这种方法并不能有效地制止犯罪。加之人权主义运动的兴起，由贝卡里亚掀起的废除死刑理念在世界各地展开，之后越来越多的国家宣布废除死刑。但仍然有一部分学者认为应当保留死刑，由此死刑存废之争激烈的展开了。中国由于社会制度不够完善，法制也不够健全，加上一些其他的客观条件的限制，仍然保留死刑。但是随着法制的不断完善和社会的不断发展，未来包括中国在内的世界各国也必将废除死刑。关键词：死刑 废除 保留 社会公平ABSTRACT:The death penalty has been applied and practiced around the world since ancient times, from the beginning to the sacrifice and the need to dispose of prisoners of war, to the subsequent maintenance of social order, the maintenance of fairness and justice and the rule of rulers, the types of death also experienced a single - multiple - single development path. The death penalty was a result of the retaliation of mankind, and then was known as the title of justice, the state in accordance with the law for the maintenance of social order and fairness and justice of the prisoners to implement a severe punishment. At first people wanted to reduce the incidence of crime, and later found that this method can not effectively stop the crime. In addition to the rise of the human rights movement, the concept of the abolition of the death penalty set off by the Beccaria has been carried out around the world, and more and more countries have declared the abolition of the death penalty. But still somescholars believe that the death penalty should be retained, the death penalty from the fierce struggle to start. China because the social system is not perfect, the legal system is not sound enough, coupled with some other objective conditions, still retain the death penalty. But with the continuous improvement of the legal system and the continuous development of society, including the future of China, including the world will abolish the death penalty.Keywords:Death penalty Abolish Retain Social justice绪论：一般人认为，死刑之所以会存在是因为人类本身就具有一种劣根性，即报复心理，而死刑恰好可以满足人的一种报复的心理。从科学的角度来看，报复是人类的一种正当的心理和动机。通过死刑这种报复手段