领先功率因数(leading power factor).PPT

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Chap. 10 Sinusoidal Steady-State Power Calculations Contents 10.1 Instantaneous Power 10.2 Average and Reactive Power 10.3 The rms Value and Power Calculations 10.4 Complex Power 10.5 Complex Power Calculations 10.6 Maximum Power Transfer Objectives 1. 了解交流功率觀念、相互關係及如何計算： ◆ 瞬時功率 ◆ 平均（實）功率 ◆ 無效功率（虛功率） ◆ 複數功率 ◆ 功率因數 2. 了解最大實功率傳送至一交流電路負載之情況，並能計算 在此條件下之負載阻抗。 3. 在具有線性變壓器及理想變壓器之交流電路中，能計算所 有形式之交流功率。 * 10.1 Instantaneous Power * 瞬時功率 p = vi 或 利用三角恆等式： 定值 兩倍頻 * 10.2 Average and Reactive Power * 其中 P : 平均功率（實功率） Average (Real) Power Q : 無效功率（虛功率） Reactive Power 注意: Power for Purely Resistive Circuits 因純電阻電路之?v = ?i，故可簡化為 且稱為瞬時實功率(instantaneous real power)。 單位(Units): 瓦(watt, W) for P and 乏(volt-amp reactive, or VAR) for Q Power for Purely Inductive Circuits 因對一純電感性電路而言，其電流落後電壓之相位角90°，即?i = ?v - 90°，故可簡化為 且其平均功率為零。 Power for Purely Capacitive Circuits 因對一純電容性電路而言，其電流領先電壓之相位角90°，即?i = ?v + 90°，故可簡化為 且其平均功率為零。 * The Power Factor * 功率因數角(power factor angle): ?v - ?i 功率因數(power factor): 無效功率因數(reactive factor): 由於 cos (?v － ?i ) ＝ cos (?i － ?v )，無法明確描述功率因數角。故用 落後功率因數(lagging power factor) 表示電流落後電壓相位角， 屬電感性。 領先功率因數(leading power factor) 表示電流領先電壓相位角， 屬電容性。 * EX 10.1 Calculating Average and Reactive Power (a) (b) (c) By the passive sign convention, the negative value of ?100 W means that the network inside the box is delivering average power to the terminals. Because Q is positive, the network inside the box is absorbing magnetizing vars at its terminals. * EX 10.2 Power Calculations Involving Household Appliances The branch circuit supplying the outlets in a typical home kitchen is wired with #12 conductor and is protected by either a 20 A fuse or a 20 A circuit breaker. Assume that the following 120 V appliances are in operation at the same time: a coffeemaker, egg cooker, frying pan, and toaster. Will the circuit be interrupted by the protective device? Yes, the protective device will interrupt the ci