(刘润清版) chapter 2 the sounds of language.pptVIP

According to the length of the vowels long: [I:], [E:], [u:], [C:], [B:] short: [I], [e], [Z], [A], [E], [Q], [B], [u], [C]. description of English vowels Criteria i) the height of tongue raising(high, mid, low) ii) the position of the highest part of the tongue(front, central, back) iii) the degree of lip-rounding (rounded, unrounded) iv) long or short v) tense or lax Vowel description /i:/: high, front, unrounded, long, tense /i/: high, front, unrounded, short, lax /α:/: low, back, unrounded, long, tense /c:/: mid, back, rounded, long, tense /?/: mid, central, unrounded, lax /?:/: mid, central, unrounded, long, tense /u:/ : high, back, rounded, tense, long /?/: mid, central, unrounded , lax /?/: low, front, unrounded, lax Diphthongs/gliding vowels [ei], [ai], [aU], [EU], [Ri], [iE], [ZE], [UE]. variations of sounds Liaison the phenomenon of the linking of words in speech, in particular when the second word begins with a vowel, is called liaison. here are [hi?r?] an egg [?’neg] elision the loss of a sound or sounds in speech is called elision. appear in rapid, casual speech. suppose [??’????] [?’????] factory [‘???????] [‘??????] Assimilation rule Assimilation rule----assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar, e.g. the prefix in is pronounced differently when in different phonetic contexts: indiscreet alveolar [In] inconceivable velar [IN ] input bilabial [Im] Assimilation in Mandarin 好啊 hao wa 海啊 hai ya 看啊 kan na 唱啊 chang Na 跳啊 tiao wa …… * regressive assimilation a following sound influence a preceding sound progressive assimilation a preceding sound influence a following sound Exercises: underline the words that begin with a sound as required. A bilabial consonant: mad sad bad cad pad had lad A velar consonant: nod god cod pod rod Labiodental consonant: rat fat sat mat chat vat pat An alveolar consonant: