城市生活垃圾分选中空气射流技术应用的研究.pdf

摘 要 随着我国经济高速发展和城市化水平的提高，城市生活垃圾的产量不断增大，垃圾围 城问题日益严重；同时资源被不断消耗，其缺口日益增大。必将促进垃圾资源化技术的发 展，其中垃圾资源化的关键技术之一垃圾的分选技术。因此对城市生活垃圾分选工艺的研 究具有一定的现实意义。本文阐述了风力分选机的原理、喷射器的工作原理和喷射器设计 理论，描述了风力分选机的工作过程、分类以及喷射器设计过程中参数的选取。发挥交叉 学科的优势，采用气固两相流体力学研究垃圾风力分选，应用空气射流技术解决当前风力 分选中存在的问题，为城市生活垃圾分选的研究打开了新的思路。 本文采用流体动力学软件 FLUENT 对喷射器内部流场的变化规律进行了探讨。建立了 气固两相流的控制方程和封闭方程；介绍了数值模型的建立、网格划分、边界条件和初始 条件的设定；采用 SIMPLE 算法对射流技术进行压力和速度耦合。模拟结构表明喷射器内 部流场有利于垃圾颗粒的分离。在边界条件和初始条件相同的情况下，分布改变喷射器的 喷距、不同锥角和不同喷嘴出口速度进行模拟和分析，从而得出最佳的喷嘴结构参数。扩 散段的存在不利于垃圾颗粒的分析，在喷射器的设计过程中忽略扩散段的设计。 关键词：城市生活垃圾；气流分选机；射流技术；喷射器；数值模拟 - I - Abstract With the development of rapid economic and urbanization level, the output of municipal solid waste increases dramatically and siege garbage problems are becoming more serious. At the same time resources are continuously consumed and the gap is growing at the same time. Waste resources technological development becomes an inevitable trend and waste separation technology is very important. It has a certain practical significance for the municipal solid waste separation technology. This paper not only describes the principle of wind separator, the working principle of jet and jet design theory but also describes the work process of the wind sorting machine, classification and parameter selection of ejector design process. In this paper, gas-solid two-phase flow is used to study waste wind sorting. The problems in waste wind sorting are solved by application of air jet technology. It opens a new way of thinking for the separation of municipal solid waste research. In this paper, internal flow field variation of jet is discussed by fluid dynamics software FLUENT. The control equations and the clo