第二课 影响腐蚀的结构因素.pptVIP

第二章 影响腐蚀的结构因素 第三节 异种金属组合因素 Dissimilar metal corrosion results from the coupling of two different metals in a corrosive electrolyte. It is also called bimetallic corrosion or galvanic corrosion. When a galvanic couple forms, one of the metals in the couple becomes the anode and corrodes faster than it would all by itself, while the other becomes the cathode and corrodes slower than it would alone. 异种金属彼此接触或通过其他导体连通，处于同一个介质中，会造成接触部位的局部腐蚀。其中电位较低的金属，溶解速度增大，电位较高的金属，溶解速度反而减小，这种腐蚀称为电偶腐蚀，或称接触腐蚀、双金属腐蚀。 一、电偶腐蚀原理 从混合电位的角度分析电偶腐蚀电池形成原理，可以清楚地理解电偶腐蚀过程。 一、电偶腐蚀原理 The corrosion rate for electrode 2 has increased from icorr to icorr 1+2 as it is the only anodic reaction. This is the case when the corrosion potential for three electrodes is above the two electrode potential. The resulting corrosion potential is more negative than the third electrode reverse potential. 电极2的腐蚀速率从icorr增加到icorr 1+2 ，因为它是唯一的阳极。这是三电极的混合电位正于双电极的腐蚀电位的情况。最终系统的腐蚀电位负于外加的第三个电极的腐蚀电位。 As such it can only contribute to the cathodic reaction rate. The third electrode is therefore protected from corrosion. The second electrode dissolution rate increased significantly by the introduction of the third electrode processes. 这种情况只能加速第三个电极的阴极反应的速率。第三个电极因而得到保护。而第二个电极的溶解速率由于第三个电极的加入而大大增加。 The figure shows that introducing a more anodic metal will decrease the corrosion rate in a more noble metal. This is the process behind galvanic corrosion. It can also be used for protection by galvanizing. 该图表明，阳极性金属的加入将减缓贵金属的腐蚀速率。这就是电偶腐蚀的原理。它也可以用来解释电镀保护。 二、电偶腐蚀影响因素Factors Affecting Galvanic Corrosion 1. Area Effect When current flows between the anode and cathode, the CURRENT will be the same in the anode and cathode independent of the surface area of each electrode. It is the CURRENT rather than the CURRENT DENSITY which is equal for the anodic and cathodic reactions. 当电流流过阴阳极时，阴阳极电流应是相等的，而与面积无关。要注意是电流而不是电流密度与阴、阳极的反应速率相等。 Therefore, if the current flowing between the anode and the cathode is one amp and the surface areas are one