美国视力障碍者的社会保障及残疾预防政策.pdfVIP

2017 年 3 月 残疾人研究 海外视角 第 1 期（总第 25 期） Disability Research Overeseas Perspective 美国视力障碍者的社会保障及残疾预防政策 * 周云 【摘要】2010 年美国人口普查结果显示有 810 万自报的视力障碍者。在美国，政府一方面采取积极 干预措施，降低视力障碍的发生率及减轻致残程度；另一方面给予视力障碍者一系列的社会保障政策， 既有面向所有美国人的社会保障，也有面向所有残障者的专项保障政策，以及面向视力障碍者的优惠保 障政策，这三层保障政策很大程度上满足了视力障碍者的基本生活需要，使他们有机会更好地融入社会。 【关键词】视力障碍者；社会保障；残疾预防；美国 C913.69 【中图分类号】 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-0810(2017)25-0093-04 Social Security and Disability Prevention Policies for Visual Impaired Americans ZHOU Yun Visual impairment is one type of handicaps which may occur at any age and anywhere in the world. 【Abstract】 According to the census of 2010, there were 8.1 million self-reported visual impaired Americans. To the population, the government is having different measures to minimize the size of the handicapped population to the lowest level and to prevent more population with visual impairment to come. Special social policies are available for the visual impaired American. They are 1) social security for general population, 2) social security policies for the handicapped, and 3) special social security policies for the visual impaired. These different policies have met basic needs of the visual impaired as well as supported and encouraged them to be part of the society. Visual impairment, Social security, Disability prevention; U.S.A. 【Keywords】 视力障碍是常见的残疾类型，完善的医疗保 部分抽样调查因其调查目的不同而常采用自定的 健及社会保障政策可显著提高视力障碍者的生活 视力障碍标准，不