Carrier proteins（载体蛋白）.PPT

Biomembranes system Cell membrane Celium membrane Mitochondrion Digestive vacuole The endoplasmic reticulum A secretory vesicle Chloroplasts Nucleic membrane Biomembranes are highly selective permeability barriers with specific protein channels and pumps regulating the molecular and ionic compositions of the intracellular medium (transport across membranes). Manners of transport Carrier proteins for transport: Carrier proteins（载体蛋白） Permeases（渗透酶） Porters（搬运因子） Translocases（移位酶） Translocators（移位因子） Transporters（转运因子） Ionophores and porins （离子载体和离子通道） Ion-selective channels enable specific ions to flow through biomembranes rapidly downhill its concentration gradient. 1. Ion channels form pores that open and close quickly. 2. The opening and closing of the ion channel pores can be regulated by ligands or voltage change (called ligand-gated and voltage-gated channels, respectively). Mechanisms of transport 移动性载体 孔道或通道模型 构象变化假设 生物大分子的跨膜运输 胞吐作用（exocytosis) 胞吞作用（endocytosis） 吞噬作用（phagocytosis） 胞饮作用（pinocytosis） * * Chapter 2 Biomembranes and Transport Across Biomembranes Passive transport Nonmediated transport Mediated transport Active transport: In this transport, the specific molecules flow from high concentration to low concentration. In this transport, the specific molecules flow from low concentration to high concentration. Carrier ionophores Channel ionophores 疏水性分子 O2 N2 苯 不带电的小的极性分子 脲 甘油 H2O CO2 糖、氨基酸 大的极性分子 离子 H+, Na+…… *