八年级上册生物期末复习（Eighth grade biology final review）.docVIP

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八年级上册生物期末复习（Eighth grade biology final review）.doc

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八年级上册生物期末复习（Eighth grade biology final review）

八年级上册生物期末复习（Eighth grade biology final review） Eighth grade biology final review 1. There are about 1.5 million animals that are already known. These animals can be divided into two categories: vertebrates, which have spinal column in their bodies. Another category is invertebrates, which have no spine in their bodies. 2. Biodiversity: 1. Diversity of species; 2. Diversity of living environment; 3, the diversity of exercise styles. The fish can live in the water, the two characteristics are crucial: (1) the ability to get food and protect against enemy by swimming. (2) breathe in water. 4. The fish can overcome the structure of resistance in the water: the streamline shape (shuttle) body; Mucus is secreted from the body surface. 5. When the fish is swimming, the body leader has a tail of the left and right oscillation to produce the forward momentum, relying on the dorsal fin, the pectoral fin, the pelvic fin, the anal fin to maintain the balance, and the tail fin to keep the direction. 6, when the experiment is difficult to directly take the research object, sometimes with a model to do experiment, imitative experiment object model, or imitate experiment of certain conditions for experiments, the experiment is called simulation experiment. 7. Various fins play an auxiliary role in the movement. Gill is the breathing apparatus of fish. The gill has rich capillaries, so the gill is bright red. 10. The gill filament is large and thin, which is to expand the area of contact with water, which is conducive to the full exchange of gases. The gills are not easy to absorb the oxygen in the air. When the fish leaves the water, the gills cover each other, reducing the air contact area and not getting enough oxygen from the air. 11. The characteristics of fish gills in water breathing are important: gills are bright red and rich in capillaries; The gill is very thin. 12. Water flows from the mouth of the fish and flows out from the back edge of the gill cover. In the water tha