地理选修5.docVIP

地理选修5 Take five natural disasters and prevention and control Chapter one, overview of natural disasters 1. Types of major natural disasters: Four types of meteorological disasters, geological disasters, Marine disasters and biological disasters. (1) meteorological disasters: 1. Tropical cyclone: (1) the idea: a deep, low pressure vortex that occurs in tropical or subtropical regions The average maximum wind power near the center is known as a typhoon in a tropical cyclone of more than 12 magnitude (2) the form: The wide surface of the ocean evaporates and provides sufficient moisture to the atmosphere The cold unstable atmosphere of the lower atmosphere causes the air to rise and the water vapor condenses to rain After the typhoon is formed, it will move out of its source area and experience the evolution process of development, decline and extinction (3) distribution: Seasonal distribution: can occur all year round, especially in July - November (summer autumn in the northern hemisphere) Spatial distribution: mainly distributed in tropical or subtropical, Pacific northwest. Japan and southeast Asia have the most tropical cyclones in the world The bay of Bengal and the coast, the Caribbean sea, the east coast of the United States 2. Dry: (1) concept: the phenomenon that the air is dry due to the lack of precipitation or precipitation in the long period, and soil water shortage (2) the form: Core cause: less precipitation (climate change in longer periods; climate change) Causes of drought (water shortage) : precipitation, evaporation, runoff, vegetation coverage, certain human factors... (3) distribution: Seasonal distribution: depending on the specific characteristics of the region Spatial distribution: arid and semi-arid regions with unstable precipitation, such as Africa, Asia and Oceania Inland, especially in Africa, is the worst 3. Cold wave: (1) concept: a large-scale cold air activity (the temperature fell by more than 10 ℃ within 24 hours and the days of the