线性代数难点解析（Analysis of the difficulties of linear algebra）.docVIP

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线性代数难点解析（Analysis of the difficulties of linear algebra）.doc

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线性代数难点解析（Analysis of the difficulties of linear algebra）

线性代数难点解析（Analysis of the difficulties of linear algebra） (A + B) = A2 + 2 AB + BA + B2 indicates 2 AB + A2 + B2 (AB) = 2 (AB) (AB) indicates A2B2 (AB) k indicates AkBk (A + B) indicates A2 - B2 (A - B) All of the above is only true if A and B can be exchanged, i.e., AB = BA. 3) you cant get A = 0 or B = 0 from AB = 0 4) we cant get B = C from AB = AC 5) A2 = A cant get A = I or A = 0 6) you cant get A = 0 from A2 = 0 7) the difference between multiplication and multiplication 2 inverse matrix 1) (A - 1) - 1 = A 2) (kA) -1 = (1 / k) A - 1, (k does not equal 0) 3) (AB) - 1 = B - 1-1 a 4) (A - 1) T = (AT) - 1 5) │ │ A - 1 = │ │ - 1 A 3. Matrix transpose 1) (AT) T = A 2) (kA) T = kAT, (k is any real number) 3) (AB) T = BTAT T = 4) (A + B) AT + BT 4. Adjoint matrix 1) A * A = A A * = │ │ I (AB) * = B * * A 2) (A *) * = │ │ │ │ n - 2 A * A = │ │ A n - 1, (n 2 or higher) 3) (kA) * = kn - 1 A * (A *) T = (AT) * 4) if r (A) = n, then r (A *) = n If r (A) = n - 1, then r (A *) = 1 If r (A) 5) if A reversible, (A *) - 1 = (1 / │ │ A) A, (A *) - 1 = (A - 1) *, A * = │ │ A - 1 A 5. Elementary transformation (3 kinds) 1) two rows (column) 2) multiply all the elements in k (k not 0) times a row (column) 3) the corresponding element of the element of a row (column) to another row (column) Note: the rank, row, column transform can be used for the rank of primary transformation To invert matrices, only row or column transforms can be used The solution of a linear system, you can only use the row transformation 6. Elementary matrix 1) the matrix obtained by the initial transformation of the unit matrix (2) first wait for P left (right) times A, the obtained PA (AP) is the same row (column) transformation as P 3) the initial array is reversible, and its inverse is the initial matrix of the same type E-1ij = Eij, E (-1) I (k) = Ei (1 / k), E (-1) ij (k) = Eij (-k). 7. Matrix equation 1) an equation containing an unknown matrix 2) sufficient and necessary conditions for solving matrix eq