无机非金属材料（Inorganic non-metallic materials）.docVIP

无机非金属材料（Inorganic non-metallic materials） Silicon. (1) existence form Silicon is the second most abundant in the earths crust, after silicon is an oxygen-friendly element, which is all in nature, and the silicon of the common combination is silicate. Oxygen. Combining state silica (2) atomic structure The nuclear charge of silicon is the third periodic table in the periodic table, and its atomic structure is schematically It is not easy to lose electrons in the reaction, and it is not easy to get electrons, mainly to form a four-price compound. 14 Ⅵ a. (3) physical properties Silicon crystals and two kinds. Crystal silicon is A solid, shiny, brittle solid, with a structure similar to that of a melting point, hardness, brittleness, a good material. (4) chemical properties The chemistry of silicon is not reactive to other substances, except F2, hydrofluoric acid and strong alkali, and the chemical equation of silicon and NaOH reaction is amorphous A film With metal With metal high big semiconductor Si + 2NaOH + H2O = = Na2SiO3 + 2H2. When heated, the silicon can react with non-metallic mono - like O2, Cl2, etc. The chemical equation of the reaction of silicon and O2 is (5) industrial law The chemical reaction of coke in the electric furnace for reducing SiO2 with a small amount of impurities is obtained When the coarse silicon is purified, the high purity silicon can be obtained. (6) the main purpose Silicon can be used to make transistors, integrated circuits, solar cells, silicon rectifier, etc. Besides, silicon alloy is more widely used, which can be used as transformer core and acid resistant equipment. 2. Silica (1) existence form There are crystalline and amorphous forms of natural SiO2 The main ingredient is SiO2. (2) structure The basic structural unit of the s iO2 crystal is shown in the figure below, which is a tetrahedral structure. Silica. Quartz crystal B. There are oxygen atoms around each Si atom in the crystal, and there are Si atoms around each oxygen