bology 总结（Bology summary）.docVIP

bology 总结（Bology summary） I. the living environment of cells: 1, the single cell material exchange directly with the external environment 2, multicellular animals use the internal environment as the medium for the exchange of substances Extracellular fluid, also known as the internal environment (the material exchange between cells and the external environment) The internal environment of blood cells is plasma The internal environment of lymphocytes is lymph The internal environment of the capillary wall is plasma and tissue fluid The internal environment of capillary lymphatic vessels is lymph and tissue fluid 3. The composition and content of tissue fluid and lymph are similar to that of plasma, but they are completely different. The most important difference is that the plasma contains more protein, while the protein in the lymph fluid of the tissue fluid is less. 4, the physical and chemical properties of the internal environment: osmotic pressure, pH, temperature The plasma osmotic pressure is mainly related to the content of inorganic salts and proteins; Na+ and cl- are predominant in inorganic salts Extracellular fluid osmolality was about 770kpa, equivalent to intracellular osmotic pressure; The plasma of normal subjects is near neutral, PH is 7.35-7.45, which is related to HCO3- and HPO42- plasma; The body temperature is maintained at around 370C (usually no more than 10C). Two, the importance of homeostasis: 1, the steady state refers to the normal organism through regulating role, make each organ system coordinate activities, together maintain the relative stable state of the internal environment. The basis of homeostasis is the coordinated and normal operation of the organ systems Regulating mechanism: nerve humoral immunity Steady state related systems: digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory systems (and skin) The ability to regulate the homeostasis of the environment is limited. If the external environment changes too violently or the bodys abi