it Analysis_Chinese.pptVIP

Knee 股直肌 * Hip 股大肌 * Skin vs. Skeletal Markers Reinschmidt (1997) * Marker Sets Four different types of reflective marker arrangement Markers mounted on bone pins Skin-mounted markers on specific anatomical landmarks Arrays of markers on a rigid surface attached to the body A combination of anatomical markers and array of markers * Marker Sets Four different types of reflective marker arrangement Markers mounted on bone pins Skin-mounted markers on specific anatomical landmarks Arrays of markers on a rigid surface attached to the body A combination of anatomical markers and array of markers * Marker Sets Helen Hayes Newington Hospital Kit Vaughan Gait lab NIH (National Institute of Health) * Marker Sets Helen Hayes Kit Vaughan NIH (National Institute of Health) Clusters and anatomical landmarks * Data Collection Establish joint center and local coordinate system 确定关节中心和自身坐标系 Take a standing calibration trial with both tracking and extra anatomical markers placed on the subject to determine the joint centers Use both tracking markers and anatomical markers to develop a segment coordinate system that is internally aligned with the long axis of the segment * Joint Center Estimation Hip joint center髋关节中心 Estimation from cadaveric study 通过实体研究确定 Seidel, G. K., Marchinda, D. M., Dijkers, M., and Soutas-Little, R. W. (1995). Hip joint center location from palpable bony landmarks--a cadaver study. J Biomech. 28, 995-998 Pelvis Width: 14% medial 骨盆的宽度：平均 Depth: 34% posterior Height: 79% inferior * Joint Center Estimation Knee joint center膝关节中心 Between medial and lateral femoral epicondyles Ankle joint center踝关节中心 Between medial and lateral malleoli * Gait Simulator Center for locomotion studies at Penn State University Gait Simulator * * Gait and EMG * Gait and EMG * * A gait cycle – 步态周期 From heel-strike to heel-strike of the same limb Stance and swing Stance phase (support) – 站立(支撑)阶段 Swing Phase – 摆动阶段 * Step – 步 From the heel-strike of one limb to the heel-strike o