第10章微生物的进化`系统发育和分类鉴定（The tenth chapter is the evolution, phylogeny and taxonomic identification of microorganisms）.doc

第10章微生物的进化`系统发育和分类鉴定（The tenth chapter is the evolution, phylogeny and taxonomic identification of microorganisms） Chapter 10th Evolution, phylogeny and classification of microbes Analysis of key points and difficulties The purpose of this chapter is: to grasp some basic concepts of microbial taxonomy and to understand the overall development level of taxonomy (①); ② understanding of the principle that biological macromolecules are used as phylogenetic studies, rRNA, especially the Srrna is selected as the main research object of the reasons; ③ master the basic Common sense of classification and naming, understand the taxonomic significance of classification and identification features, and know the development of classification and identification methods; ④ understand the classification profile of Bergers Handbook, which focuses on knowing the use of manuals The taxonomic data, and select the appropriate characteristic determination method to carry on the microbial classification appraisal. 1. The rRNA sequence and microbial phylogeny, phylogenetic tree and three-domain theory are presented. It is often inaccurate to speculate on the evolutionary pedigree and systematic classification of microorganisms based on phenotypic features only. In the present age, it is mainly through analyzing and comparing the a structural characteristics of microbial macromolecules, that is, comparing the molecular sequence characteristics of protein, RNA or DNA as the main characteristic of judging microbial evolutionary pedigree and systematic classification. The theoretical basis of pedigree analysis by comparing macromolecular sequences is that the evolution of these macromolecules is characterized by a relatively constant evolutionary velocity. This means that the amount of change in the evolution of the molecular sequence (the substitution or replacement percentage of amino acids or nucleotides) is proportional to the time of molecular evolution. Therefore, we can determine their