陈建忠_immunoregulation.pptVIP

* Isotype The genes for isotype variants are present in all healthy member of a species. * (2) Allotype This refers to genetic variation between individuals within a species. * (3) Idiotype Variation in the V domain ,particularly in CDR, produces idiotype. * * Idiotype network and antigen internal image Ag Ag Ab1 (Id) Ab2 (AId) Ab3 Ab ? ? epitope * 利用独特型网络进行免疫干预的两种主要途径 Ag Ab2? 增强Ab1 Ab1 Ab2 B A Ab3 / Ab1 Ab1 Ab2? Ab2? 削弱Ab1 * E. Regulation by apoptosis 1. Activation-induced cell death (AICD) Fas (CD95) and FasL Fas membrane protein is expressed on lymphoid and other cells but is increased in expression with cellular activation. FasL is expressed on activated T cells. Thus, activation of T cells results in the expression of both Fas and FasL. The intracellular portion of the Fas receptor molecule contains ‘death domains’, which recruit proteins that lead to the activation of a cascade of proteases which induce apoptosis. Fas-FasL interaction is a major means of mediating AICD in CD4+ T cell. * (1) Fas/FasL and death signal transduction  evoked by Fas molecules DD: death domain 70 aa 80 aa 150 aa FasL Fas (receptor) Fas (CD95), a type I membrane protein with 325 aa (48 kD) FasL (Fas ligand), a type II membrane protein with 235 aa sFasL * Fas-FasL pathway Caspase:胱天蛋白酶 * * Major advances have recently been made in mapping the loci which govern susceptibility to the autoimmune disease. When the lymphoproliferative (lpr) gene is present in mouse strains, it causes the development of a characteristic clinical syndrome. The mice develop anti-DNA antibodies, rheumatoid factor, circulating IC and glomerulonephritis. * WT TTT GAG GAA TCT AAG ACC TTT TTC GGC TTG TAT AAG gld TTT GAG GAA TCT AAG ACC CTT TTC GGC TTG TAT AAG CYT TM EXT gld Phe Leu lpr Asn 死亡结构域 Ile Fas FasL A B 自身免疫性淋巴 细胞增生综合征 自身抗原 自身抗原驱动下的淋巴细胞克隆扩增 克隆收缩 受阻 克隆收缩 无疾病 AICD * F. Regulation by neur