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Programming R. Morris
Techniques Editor
On the Criteria To Be
Used in Decomposing
Systems into Modules
D.L. Parnas
Carnegie-Mellon University
This paper discusses modularization as a mechanism Introduction
for improving the flexibility and comprehensibility of a
system while allowing the shortening of its development A lucid statement of the philosophy of modular
time. The effectiveness of a “modularization” is programming can be found in a 1970 textbook on the
dependent upon the criteria used in dividing the system design of system programs by Gouthier and Pont [l,
into modules. A system design problem is presented and 710.231, which we quote below:’
both a conventional and unconventional decomposition A well-defined segmentation of the project effort ensures
are described. It is shown that the unconventional system modularity. Each task forms a separate, distinct program
decompositions have distinct advantages for the goals module. At implementation time each module and its inputs and
outputs are well-defined, there is no confusion in the intended
outlined. The criteria used in arriving at the decom- interface
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