analysis and design models（分析和设计模型）.pdf

Analysis and Design Models Analysis and Design Models   These models can be used both by the analysis and design processes.   They are somewhat abstract and hence not necessarily biased towards implementation.   They are somewhat concrete because they supply more detail than requirements. 1 Data Process Object Specifications Descriptions Entity Data Relationship Flow Diagrams Diagrams Data Dictionary State Transition Diagrams Control Specifications Data Models   All the three models use a data dictionary —  a collection of data objects in the application domain   Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERD) —  a diagrammatic description of data objects   Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) —  indicate the processes involved and show the data flowing between the processes   State-Transition Diagrams (STD) —  a behavioral model of the system; captures the system states and potential dynamic changes 2 Data Object A data object is a composite entity holding data.   This is different from primitive entities that hold only one value.   This is different from objects in object-oriented approach; data objects do not include associated operations. Data Object Description A data object consists of •  a