高中英语北师版Unit 19 知识点归纳.docVIP

Unit 19 知识点归纳 1.absence n. 缺席，不在；缺乏 归纳: in/during one’s absence = in/during the absence of sb 在某人不在的时候 拓展：absent adj 缺席的，不在的 be absent from 缺席。。。。 e.g. Learning English is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment. 2.surround vt/vi 包围，围绕，环绕 归纳：be surrounded with/by 被。。。包围/环绕 拓展：surrounding adj the surrounding area. 周围地区 surroundings n 环境（常指周边的自然环境） 区分：conditions 环境。常指抽象意义的环境( living/working conditions) environment 环境（既可指自然环境，又可指精神环境，用法广） circumstances 情形，境况(客观环境)，尤指经济状况(in easy /poor circumstances) in/under no circumstances 在任何情况下决不(置于开头，用倒装) e.g. Our school is surrounded by trees. Our school has beautiful surroundings. (我们学校景色优美) Children should have a happy environment at school. 3. guarantee vt. 保证，担保； n 保证书；保证 归纳：guarantee to do sth 保证做….. be guaranteed to do sth 必定做….. under guarantee 在保修期内 4. adjust vt/vi 调整，使。。。适合 归纳： adjust (oneself) to 适应。。。。 拓展： make an adjustment 作出调整 e.g. You can adjust this desk to the height of any child. 5.inform vt. 告知；通知。 归纳： inform sb of/about sth 告知某人某事 拓展：informed adj 了解情况的，见多识广的; keep sb informed (of sth) 使某人了解。。。。；随时告知某人。 e.g. please keep me informed of any changes. 6. congratulate vt. 祝贺，向（某人）道贺/喜to tell sb that you are pleased about their successor achievement (congratulate sb on his marriage, new job , etc) 归纳：congratulate sb on(doing) sth 为某事祝贺某人。 拓展：congratulations on(doing) sth to sb 为某事向某人祝贺 区分：celebrate v to show that a day or an event is important by doing sth special on it 庆祝，庆贺 （celebrate Christmas, sb’s birthday, success etc） 7. get ahead 取得进步 8. on purpose 故意地；（反义：by accident/chance/design） 9.consist of 由…组成（=be made up of ） 10. in a state of +n 以。。。。状态 11. be aware of 意识到…. 12. be similar to与… 类似 13. catch on（to sth） 学会 13. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 14. keep in mind that… 记住… 15. Chances are t