明北京行都督府考.PDFVIP

中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊 第七十九本，第四分 出版日期：民國九十七年十二月 明北京行都督府考 于志嘉* 「北京行都督府」為「北京留守行後軍都督府」之簡稱。這個機構存在的時間 非常短暫，乃是配合永樂元年北京的建立，在正式定都北京之前的一個臨時性地方 軍事機構。其前身為北平都司，但位階在都司之上，規模也遠大於一般都司。本文 除說明其制度變遷外，對於曾經隸屬於北京行都督府的諸衛所建置情況亦詳加考 證，旨在說明該機構之規模變化。又因其鄰 近地區衛所曾為配合該機構之成立進行 過幾波調動，從而促成明代都司軍事邊界與布政司行政邊界「犬牙相制」體制之完 成，本文因此亦著重介紹了相關衛所遷徙狀況，用以說明近畿地區形成「犬牙相 制」體制之過程。 關鍵詞：北京留守行後軍都督府 行在 衛所 犬牙相制 * 中央研究院歷史語言研究所 -683- 明北京行都督府考 An Analysis of the Beijing Branch Military Commission in Ming Dynasty Chih-chia Yue Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica The Beijing Branch Military Commission (Beijing xing dudufu 北京行都督府) was the abbreviation for the Beijing Defense Branch Rear Chief Military Commission (Beijing liushou xinghoujun dudufu 北京留守行後軍都督府). The Beijing Branch Military Commission existed for only a very short period of time (twenty-two years altogether). It was established in 1403, abolished in 1420, then rejuvenated in 1425 and permanently abolished in 1428. The Beijing Branch Military Commission was established during the Yongle Period and was essentially a temporary, regional military headquarter stationed in Beijing prior to the official establishment of the capital of Beijing. The Beiping Regional Military Commission (Beiping Dusi 北平都司) was the predecessor of the Beijing Branch Military Commission. However, after it was changed to the latter, it was of higher ranking and larger scope than that of an ordinary Dusi. In addition to expl