《Electronic Circuit Design1模拟电子技术》Op Amps.pdfVIP

9 EE-1029 1. Operational Amplifiers The operational amplifier or op amp is one of the most widely used building blocks found in electronic systems. It is characterised by: 5 • Very high gain (typically ~ 10 ) • DC coupled, differential input, single-ended output • High input impedance; Low output impedance Most operational amplifiers are manufactured in the form of integrated circuits. They have extremely high voltage gain and are almost always used with other components in the form of a feedback network which either limits the gain or causes it to vary as a function of frequency. One of the most popular op amps is the 741 1 which is widely available from a variety of semiconductor manufacturers. The 741 is a bipolar integrated circuit containing around 20 transistors and is typically packaged in an 8-pin dual-in-line (DIL) package similar to the one shown on the right. In common with most op amps the 741 has three main stages: a differential input stage, an intermediate gain stage and a low-impedance output stage. Figure 1.1 shows the pin connections of the 741. Offset null 1 8 N/C Inverting input 2 − 7 V+ (typically +15V) Non-inverting input 3 + 6 Output V (typically − 15V) 4 5 Offset null − Figure 1.1 Pin Connections of the 741 Op Amp. From this we can see that the op amp has two input terminals (pins 2 and 3) and one output (pin 6). Ideally the signal obta