《Electronic Circuit Design1模拟电子技术》Week 23S.pdfVIP

Week Number 23 Subject Code EE-1029 Subject Electronic Circuit Design 1 Lecturer Prof Hicks KEY POINTS Students should be able to describe the circuit in terms of the following: - Mains transformer - to step down the ac mains - Bridge rectifier – pairs of diodes conduct alternately to allow both the positive and negative half cycles of the ac waveform to contribute to the current delivered to the load. - Smoothing capacitor – acts as a reservoir of charge to smooth out the ripple in the current delivered to the load. The peak voltage delivered to the load will be less than the peak voltage produced at the secondary winding of the mains transformer. The difference will be twice the forward voltage drop across a diode; i.e. 2 x V where V ≈ D D 0.7V for a silicon diode. This must be taken into account when calculating the RMS voltage rating of transformer secondary, especially for low voltage power supplies. Students should understand the role of the smoothing capacitor as a charge reservoir that is topped up by the bridge rectifier diodes conducting briefly during periods towards the peak of each half cycle. Alternative ways of thinking about the capacitor are as an integrator (time domain) or a low-pass filter (frequency domain). Note that in the ripple voltage equation (see below) the magnitude of the ripple dV is directly proportional to the load current I and inversely proportional to C