西安理工大学《微机原理及应用A 》chapt_08 Advanced Procedures.pptVIP

Assembly Language for Intel-Based Computers, 5th Edition Chapter 8: Advanced Procedures Chapter Overview Stack Frames Recursion .MODEL Directive INVOKE, ADDR, PROC, and PROTO Creating Multimodule Programs Stack Frames Stack Parameters Local Variables ENTER and LEAVE Instructions LOCAL Directive WriteStackFrame Procedure Stack Parameters More convenient than register parameters Two possible ways of calling DumpMem. Which is easier? Stack Frame Also known as an activation record Area of the stack set aside for a procedures return address, passed parameters, saved registers, and local variables Created by the following steps: Calling program pushes arguments on the stack and calls the procedure. The called procedure pushes EBP on the stack, and sets EBP to ESP. If local variables are needed, a constant is subtracted from ESP to make room on the stack. Explicit Access to Stack Parameters A procedure can explicitly access stack parameters using constant offsets from EBP1. Example: [ebp + 8] EBP is often called the base pointer or frame pointer because it holds the base address of the stack frame. EBP does not change value during the procedure. EBP must be restored to its original value when a procedure returns. RET Instruction Return from subroutine Pops stack into the instruction pointer (EIP or IP). Control transfers to the target address. Syntax: RET RET n Optional operand n causes n bytes to be added to the stack pointer after EIP (or IP) is assigned a value. Stack Frame Example (1 of 2) AddTwo Procedure (1 of 2) AddTwo Procedure (2 of 2) Passing Arguments by Reference (1 of 2) The ArrayFill procedure fills an array with 16-bit random integers The calling program passes the address of the array, along with a count of the number of array elements: Passing Arguments by Reference (2 of 2) Local Variables To explicitly create local variables, subtract their total size from ESP. The following example creates and initializes two 32-bit local variables (well call them