上海垂钓鱼重金属污染特征与食用安全性.PDF

中国环境科学 2017,37(2) ：754~760 China Environmental Science 上海市垂钓鱼重金属污染特征与食用安全性 张菲菲,杨善卿,徐焱平,周 政,黄清辉* ( 同济大学环境科学与工程学院,长江水环境教育部重点实验室,上海 200092) 摘要：2015 年在上海市 6 个不同环境特征的垂钓点采集了 7 种共 87 条野生鱼类样品,经样品前处理后,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪 (ICP-MS)和 DMA-80 直接汞分析仪对这些垂钓鱼肌肉样品中的铬、镉、铜、铅、镍、锌、砷和汞等 8 种重金属含量进行测定,分析了垂 钓鱼类中重金属的赋存特征,并进行了鱼类重金属污染状况和食用安全性评估.结果显示,鱼体肌肉中各种重金属质量比的范围分别为:Cr 0.24~2.68mg/kg( 湿 重 , 下 同 );As 低 于 0.47mg/kg;Cd 低 于 0.31mg/kg; Pb 低 于 1.43mg/kg;Hg 0.02~0.42mg/kg;Ni 0.01~0.89mg/kg;Cu 0.15~12.30mg/kg;Zn 4.3~85.7mg/kg;其中 Cr、Cd、Pb 和 Hg 4 种重金属各有 20%左右垂钓鱼样品中含量超过食品/水产品质量安全限值.鲶 鱼和黄颡的重金属污染较重,鲤鱼和鲈鱼次之,草鱼和鲫鱼污染轻微,麦穗鱼接近于正常;工业区鱼类污染较重,市区河道鱼类污染中等,湿地 公园鱼类污染较低.总体而言,上海市大部分垂钓鱼类样品的重金属含量尚在食用安全性可接受范围内,但对鲶鱼、黄颡、鲈鱼和鲤鱼的 Cr 摄入量已接近甚至超过每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI),存在较高风险;对鲶鱼的 Hg 摄入量接近甚至超过半倍的 PTWI 值,存在一定风险. 关键词：垂钓鱼；重金属；铬；食用安全性；鲶鱼；黄颡 中图分类号：X171.5 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2017)02-0754-07 Contamination of heavy metals in game fishes in Shanghai and fish consumption safety assessment. ZHANG Fei-fei, * YANG Shan-qing, XU Yan-ping, ZHOU Zheng, HUANG Qing-hui (Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China). China Environmental Science, 2017,37(2)：754~760 Abstract ：Eighty-seven wild game fishes in 7species were collected from six fishing sites with different environmental characteristics in Shanghai in 2015. After sample preparation, 8kinds of heavy metals were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and DMA-80direct mercury analyzer. And then the occurrence, pollution status of heavy metals in game fishes and the fish consumption safety were discussed. The results showed that the concentra