3水 准 测 量（3 water quasi measurement）.docVIP

3水 准 测 量（3 water quasi measurement） Elevation measurement: determination of ground elevation work The method of elevation measurement Level measurement - a high-altitude measurement using a water level instrument is the main method of altitude measurement. Instrument: level The main function of the level is to indicate a horizontal line of sight. Other elevation measurement methods: triangular elevation measurement and GPS measurement Level of leveling One, two, three, four (according to the accuracy requirement, control scope) First level measurement: - only in the national level As a national elevation control, the establishment of a uniform high standard; Scientific research (crustal deformation, ground settlement, precision measurement) Secondary level measurement: As the height control of big cities; Land subsidence; Precision engineering survey Iii. Measurement of level 4: As the elevation control of small areas; General engineering survey FIG. Root (common level) Water must be measured in the original Level measurement is an instrument that can provide a horizontal line of sight to determine the difference between two points in the ground A little elevation, a little bit higher A way of doing it. Request: measure A and B between two points Ideas: On A, B, on the vertical scale, Construct a horizontal line of sight with a level gauge The line of sight reads a and b on two feet B is higher than A H = a - b Note: the high difference h has positive and negative In order to avoid the error of positive and negative in high error, you must pay attention to the writing of subscript. For example, hAB is the height difference between point A and point B; And hBA is the height difference from point B to point A The method of using the high difference hAB directly to calculate the height of B is called the high difference method. The method to calculate B point elevation using the instrument line-of-sight Hi is called line-of-sight. Hi = HA + a HB = HA + (a-b) = hi-b The