东北农业大学 蓄产品加工 乳笔记（Dairy products processing and milk notes of northeast agricultural university）.doc

东北农业大学 蓄产品加工 乳笔记（Dairy products processing and milk notes of northeast agricultural university） Animal products: products obtained through livestock production. Product processing: processing and processing of livestock products. The study of scientific theory and technology of animal product processing is a branch of the food science process. Black and white cow: originally called Dutch cow, the world produces the highest amount of milk in the world, the largest, the most widely distributed. The production mechanism of milk includes selective absorption and synthesis of new substances. Factors influencing the performance of milk production: variety, individual, age and fetal time, lactation period, milking technique, feeding. Lactation period: milk cows lactation begins after delivery and begins to break into lactation. At different times of lactation period, the composition, nature and yield of milk change significantly. Milk composition: including water, fat, protein, lactose, salt, vitamins, gas. Dry matter of milk: residues obtained from drying to constant weight, and the dry matter content in milk is 11% to 13%. Milk fat: it has an important effect on milk flavor, which is 3% to 5%. Insoluble in water, in microspheres. Cellulite: around 3 microns The size of fat pellets is important to dairy processing: 1. The larger the diameter of fat ball, the faster it rises, so that the milk with a large amount of fat is easy to separate and dilute cream. 2. When the diameter of the fat ball is close to 1 micron, the fat ball is basically not floating, and the milk can be processed in homogenization in the production, and the stable product with long time is not stratified. : fat ball membrane is mainly composed of protein, lecithin, triglyceride, cholesterol, vitamin A, metal and and some enzymes, as well as small amounts of water and salts, due to lipid ball with phospholipid and protein formation of lipoprotein complex, stable is fat ball can exist in milk. Fat pellet