第一章 机械运动（Chapter I mechanical movement）.doc

第一章 机械运动（Chapter I mechanical movement） Chapter I mechanical movement Measurement of length and time 1. The standard amount used to measure a physical quantity is called the unit. In order to facilitate communication, the international measurement organization has developed an international unified unit called the international system of units (SI). 2. Units of length: in the international system of units, the basic unit of length is meters (m), other units are: kilometers (km), sub-meters (dm), cm (cm), mm (mm), micrometer (mu m), nanometer (nm). 1 km = 1 000 m; 1 dm = 0.1 m; 1 cm = 0.01 m; 1 mm = 0.001 m; 1 u m = 0.000 001 m; 1 nm = 0.000 000 000 m. A common tool for measuring length: scale. The usage of the ruler: the zero scale line, the minimum dividing value and the range of the scale ruler. When measuring the scale of the scale, the measuring line shall be attached to the object. The position shall be positive and no skew. The zero scale shall be aligned to the end of the measured object. When reading, the line of sight should be perpendicular to the ruler, and the observation point should not be looked up or overlooked. 3. In the international system of units, the basic unit of time is seconds (s). The units of time also have hours (h) and minutes (min). 1 h = 60 min 1 min = 60 s. The difference between the measured value and the real value is called the error, and we cannot eliminate the error, but we should minimize the error. The error generation is related to measuring instruments, measuring methods and people. The method of error reduction: the average of the measurement, the precision measuring tool and the improved measurement method are used. Error and error: error is not wrong, error should not occur and can be avoided, error will always exist and cannot be avoided. The description of sports 1. Motion is the most common phenomenon in the universe, and the change of position in physics is called mechanical movement. When studying the motion of an ob