儿科第一讲笔记（Pediatric first lecture notes）.doc

儿科第一讲笔记（Pediatric first lecture notes） Pediatric first The introduction Foetal period: pregnancy 8 weeks ago is called embryo, 8 - is called fetal period before birth. Normal 38 weeks - 42 weeks, 37 weeks preterm, 42 weeks is expired. 2. Perinatal period: the highest mortality rate, 1 week after pregnancy, the most important indicator of medical level. 3. Neonatal period: 0 ~ 28 days, the first week is the early neonatal period, the second highest mortality. 4. Infancy: 0 ~ 1 year old, growing fastest, easy to diarrhea, no accident (because no walking). 5. Early childhood: 1 to 3 years old, prone to accidents, diarrhea and malnutrition. Pre-school age: 3 years old, 6 ~ 7 years old, personality develops the critical period of intellectual development, popularly known as the school age money period. 7. School age: the period of increasing myopia. 8. Adolescence: the second peak of growth and development. Growth (6 ~ 8 points) (I) growth and development rules of children: Continuity, imbalance, individual differences, general regularity. Reproductive system: slow down, nervous system: first, slow down. The general rule is: from top to bottom, from near to far, from low to advanced, from simple to complex. (2) physical growth (including weight, height, head circumference, chest circumference) 1. Weight: reflect the childs recent nutritional status Birth weight 3Kg 6Kg 6Kg 1-year old 10Kg 212kg (first 3 = post 9) Monthly gain of 700 ~ 800g per month 4 ~ 6 months monthly weight gain 500 ~ 600g Month 6 ~ 12 months gain 300 ~ 400g Referred to as 345678 Weight formula: 1 6 months: age * 0.7 + 3 7-12 months: age * 0.25 + 6 2-12 years old: 2 * age + 8 Note: when weight is known, if weight is equal to 7.5 in formula, when weight = 7.5 2. Height: reflect the childs long-term nutrition Birth height: 50CM, 1 year old height: 75CM, 2 years old height: 87CM (no aura, no domineering, 507587) The monthly growth of 0 ~ 6 months is 2.5 cm Monthly growth of 1.5 cm per month Monthly