七年级下期-生物提纲（Lower 7th grade - biological outline）.docVIP

七年级下期-生物提纲（Lower 7th grade - biological outline） The nutrition of human body 1. Nutrients in food 1) protein: the basic substances that make up human cells provide energy for physiological activities of the human body; Sugar: the most important energy source of human body is also the constituent of cells. Fat: energy supply material, unit mass release energy maximum; But in general, fat is stored in the body as an alternate source of energy; Vitamins: not participating in the formation of human cells, nor providing energy or content, regulating human life activities. Vitamin A: promote normal development of human body, enhance resistance and maintain normal vision. Lack of time, rough skin, night blindness Vitamin B1: maintain normal metabolism and normal physiological function of nervous system. Lack of time, neuritis, beriberi Vitamin C: maintain normal metabolism, maintain normal physiological function of bone, muscle and blood vessels, strengthen resistance. Lack of time, scurvy disease, resistance to decline Vitamin D: promote calcium, phosphorus absorption and bone development. Lack of time, rickets (such as chicken breast, X or O leg, etc.), osteoporosis Water: about 60% ~ 70% of the weight, the main components of the cell, the human bodys various physiological activities are inseparable from water. Inorganic salt: important materials that make up human tissues, such as calcium, phosphorus (which make bones and teeth), iron (constituting hemoglobin). 2. Digestion and absorption 1) digestive system function: digestion of food and absorption of nutrients The composition of the digestive system: the digestive tract and the digestive gland. Digestive tract: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus; Digestive gland: (salivary glands, stomach glands, liver, pancreas, intestines glands) secrete digestive juices, the liver is the bodys largest digestive gland, secreting bile and participating in fat digestion 2) structural features o