第3章计算机学科基础.pptVIP

Chapter 3第3章 Chapter Goals 本章目标 Distinguish between analog and digital information. 区分模拟和数字信息 Explain data compression and calculate compression ratios. 解释数据压缩和计算压缩率 Explain the binary formats for negative and floating-point values. 解释负数和浮点数的二进制格式 Describe the characteristics of the ASCII and Unicode character sets. 解释ASCII和Unicode字符集的特征 Chapter Goals 本章目标 Perform various types of text compression. 执行各种类型的文本压缩 Explain the nature of sound and its representation. 解释声音的本质和它的表示法 Explain how RGB values define a color. 解释RGB值如何定义颜色 Distinguish between raster and vector graphics. 区分光栅图形和矢量图形 Explain temporal and spatial video compression. 解释时间和空间视频压缩 Data and Computers 数据和计算机 Computers are multimedia 多媒体 devices, dealing with a vast array of information categories. Computers store, present, and help us modify Numbers 数字 Text 文本 Audio 音频 Images and graphics 图像和图形 Video 视频 Data and Computers 数据和计算机 Data compression 数据压缩 Reduction in the amount of space needed to store a piece of data. Compression ratio 压缩率 The size of the compressed data divided by the size of the original data. A data compression techniques can be Lossless 无损, which means the data can be retrieved without any loss of the original information, Lossy 有损, which means some information may be lost in the process of compaction. Analog and Digital Information模拟信息和数字信息 Computers are finite. 计算机是有限的 Computer memory and other hardware devices have only so much room to store and manipulate a certain amount of data. The goal, is to represent enough of the world to satisfy our computational needs and our senses of sight and sound. Analog and Digital Information模拟信息和数字信息 Information can be represented in one of two ways: analog 模拟 or digital 数字. Analog data 模拟数据 A continuous representation, analogous to the actual information it represents. 连续形式表示 Digital data 数字数据 A discrete representation, breaking the information up into separate elements. 离散形式表示 A mercury thermometer is an analog devic