第二十二章 核的剪切(Nuclear spli.pptVIP

Chapter 22 Nuclear splicing 22.1 Introduction22.2 Nuclear splice junctions are short sequences22.3 Splice junctions are read in pairs22.4 Nuclear splicing proceeds through a lariat22.5 snRNAs are required for splicing22.6 U1 snRNP initiates splicing22.7 The E complex can be formed in alternative ways22.8 5 snRNPs form the spliceosome22.9 An alternative splicing apparatus uses different snRNPs22.10 Group II introns autosplice via lariat formation22.11 Alternative splicing involves differential use of splice junctions22.12 cis-splicing and trans-splicing reactions22.13 Yeast tRNA splicing involves cutting and rejoining22.14 The unfolded protein response is related to tRNA splicing22.15 The 3￠ ends of polI and polIII transcripts are generated by termination22.16 The 3￠ ends of mRNAs are generated by cleavage22.17 Cleavage of the 3￠ end may require a small RNA22.18 Production of rRNA requires cleavage and modification events22.19 Small RNAs are required for rRNA processing RNA splicing is the process of excising the sequences in RNA that correspond to introns, so that the sequences corresponding to exons are connected into a continuous mRNA.pre-mRNAheterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). hnRNP Figure 22.1 hnRNA exists as a ribonucleoprotein particle organized as a series of beads. Figure 22.2 RNA is modified in the nucleus by additions to the 5￠ and 3￠ ends and by splicing to remove the introns. The splicing event requires breakage of the exon-intron junctions and joining of the ends of the exons; the expanded illustration shows the principle schematically, but not the actual order of events. Mature mRNA is transported through nuclear pores to the cytoplasm, where it is translated. GT-AG rule describes the presence of these constant dinucleotides at the first two and last two positions of introns of nuclear genes.Splice sites are the sequences immediately surrounding the exon-intron boundaries. Figure 22.3 The ends of nuclear introns are defined by th