欧洲侵权法原理 European Group on Tort Law.doc

European Group on Tort Law European Group on Tort Law Principles of European Tort Law 欧洲侵法基本原权权 TITLE 第一篇．基本概念 Chapter 1. Basic Norm 第一章．基本概念 Art. 1:101. Basic norm 第一条：101．基本概念 (1)?A person to whom damage to another is legally attributed is liable to compensate that damage. (1)?任何在法律上对第三方造成损害的行为人应承担赔偿责任． (2)?Damage may be attributed in particular to the person (2)?损害赔偿应尤其由下列各方承担： a)?whose conduct constituting fault has caused it; or a)?其行为构成过错并造成损失的一方；或 b)?whose abnormally dangerous activity has caused it; or b)?从事异常危险的活动且造成损失的一方；或 c)?whose auxiliary has caused it within the scope of his functions. c)?其附属机构在其职责范围内造成损失的一方。 TITLE II. General Conditions of Liability 第二篇．责任原则 Chapter 2. Damage 第二章．损害 Art. 2:101. Recoverable damage 第二条：101．可受偿损失 Damage requires material or immaterial harm to a legally protected interest. 该损失必须对合法保护的利益造成物质上或非物质上的损害。 Art. 2:102. Protected interests 第二条：102．受保护的利益 (1)?The scope of protection of an interest depends on its nature; the higher its value, the precision of its definition and its obviousness, the more extensive is its protection. (1)?某一利益受保护的范围取决于该利益的性质; 其价值越高，定义越精确，利益越明显，对该利益的保护范围越广泛。 (2)?Life, bodily or mental integrity, human dignity and liberty enjoy the most extensive protection. (2)?生命，人身或精神上的完整性，人格尊严和人身自由享受最广泛的保护。 (3)?Extensive protection is granted to property rights, including those in intangible property. (3)?财产权，包括无形资产享受广泛的保护。 (4)?Protection of pure economic interests or contractual relationships may be more limited in scope. In such cases, due regard must be had especially to the proximity between the actor and the endangered person, or to the fact that the actor is aware of the fact that he will cause damage even though his interests are necessarily valued lower than those of the victim. (4)?对纯经济损失和合同利益的保护范围相对受限。在此情况下，应适当考虑行为人与受害方的接近程度，或考虑到行为人明知其行为将造成损失的事实（尽管其利益的价值被认为低于受害方的利益)?。 (5)?The scope of protection may also be affected by the nature of liability, so that an interest may receive more extensive protection aga