初二物理概念总结（Summary of physics concepts in junior middle school）.doc

初二物理概念总结（Summary of physics concepts in junior middle school） Physics concepts in the first half of the second grade I. measurement 1. an accepted standard of comparison is called a unit 2., the international community has developed a unified unit of measurement, called the international system of units (SI) The unit of length 3. (L) is the meter, represented by the symbol M 4. units of time (T) are seconds, expressed in symbolic s 5. quality means the amount of matter contained in an object 6. the unit of mass is kilogram, expressed in notation kg Method for using 7. scale: 1) understand the scope of measurement (range of measurement) 2) select the appropriate starting scale 3) the scale should be close to the object to be measured 4) when reading, the line of sight is perpendicular to the scale A unit of length 8. km; (km), m (m), DM (DM), cm (CM), mm (mm), (nm), nano micron (Mm) 1km=1000m, 1m=10dm=100cm=1000mm=1000000Mm=1000000000nm 1mm=1000Mm, 1Mm=1000nm 9. quality (m) measurement: quality is an attribute of an object (property indicating the invariant nature of an object, which does not change with the temperature, location, shape, or state of the object 10. mass units; tons (T), kg (kg), G (g), Mg (mg) 1t=1000kg, 1kg=1000g, 1g=1000mg 11. quality measurement tools: 1) scales 2) electronic scale 3) scale 4) pallet balance Two. Sound 1. any sound is caused by the vibration of an object 2. in physics, the sound of a vibrating body is transmitted through air or other substances, called sound waves 3. sound waves are actually information and energy of sound source vibration, transmitted through the surrounding material (usually called a medium) * matter does not move 4. sound waves cannot propagate in a vacuum 5. sound waves can propagate not only in the air but also in liquids and solids. The speed of sound waves in different media is different. The sound speed in the air is also related to temperature, and the temperature is low and the sound speed is small * the