甘蔗推动巴西发展.docVIP

甘蔗推动巴西发展At the dawn of the automobile age, Henry Ford predicted that “ethyl alcohol is the fuel of the future.” With petroleum about $65 a barrel, President Bush has now embraced that view, too. But Brazil is already there. This country expects to become energy self-sufficient this year, meeting its growing demand for fuel by increasing production from petroleum and ethanol. Already the use of ethanol, derived in Brazil from sugar cane, is so widespread that some gas stations have two sets of pumps, marked A for alcohol and G for gas. In his State of the Union address in January, Mr. Bush backed financing for “cutting-edge methods of producing ethanol, not just from corn but wood chips and stalks or switch grass” with the goal of making ethanol competitive in six years. But Brazil’s path has taken 30 years of effort, required several billion dollars in incentives and involved many missteps. While not always easy, it provides clues to the real challenges facing the United States’ ambitions. Brazilian officials and scientists say that, in their country at least, the main barriers to the broader use of ethanol today come from outside. Brazil’s ethanol yields nearly eight times as much energy as corn-based options, according to scientific data. Yet heavy import duties on the Brazilian product have limited its entry into the United States and Europe. Brazilian officials and scientists say sugar cane yields are likely to increase because of recent research. “Renewable fuel has been a fantastic solution for us,” Brazil’s minister of agriculture, Roberto Rodrigues, said in a recent interview in Sao Paulo, the capital of Sao Paulo State, which accounts for 60 percent of sugar production in Brazil. “And it offers a way out of the fossil fuel trap for others as well.” Here, where Brazil has cultivated sugar cane since the 16th century, green fields of cane, stalks rippling gently in the tropical breeze, stretch to the horizon, producing a crop that is dest