3基因表达的调控（Regulation of 3 gene expression）.docVIP

3基因表达的调控（Regulation of 3 gene expression） The third chapter is the regulation of gene expression Gene expression: DNA - mRNA - protein genetic information transfer process Regulation of gene expression Section 1 gene activation The switch of genes - chromatin activation I. The structure of reactive chromatin Interphase chromatin: Heterochromatin (heterochromatin), highly compressed (not transcribed); Often chromatin (euchromatin) is loose, About 10% of the chromatin is reactive chromatin (more open and loose). Active chromatin, non - active chromatin Two. The structural characteristics of reactive chromatin (1) sensitivity to DNaseI Chromatin with transcriptional activity (or potential transcriptional activity) is more sensitive to DNase I DNase, I, super sensitive sites (DNase, I, HyperSensitive, Sites, DHSS) (two) histone H3 was exposed to thiol groups on CyS110, Three, the formation of active chromatin structure (1) nuclear small body phase (Phased, positioning); 1. rotational positioning of nucleosomes (rotational, positioning) Refers to the relationship between the nucleosome core and the DNA double helix in the spatial structure, including the major groove of the DNA double helix, the oriented or the back core structure 2. translational positioning of nucleosomes (translational, positioning) The binding position and manner of a nucleosome with a specific sequence of DNA, especially the location of the DNA regulatory element (promoter, enhancer, etc.) associated with transcriptional activity. (two) histone modifications 1.H1 histone phosphorylation Promote chromosome packaging and affect transcriptional activity, 2. core histone modification Acetylation: occurs frequently in histone Lys, The general reactive chromatin is highly acetylated. (three) HMG protein binding HMG (high, mobility, group) - high mobility proteins, such as HMG14/HMG17. In combination with nucleosome core particles, favorable transcription occurs. Four 、 DNA methylation and gene expression