1-20号元素的性质及用（Properties and uses of element 1-20）.docVIP

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1-20号元素的性质及用（Properties and uses of element 1-20）.doc

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1-20号元素的性质及用（Properties and uses of element 1-20）

1-20号元素的性质及用（Properties and uses of element 1-20） hydrogen Hydrogen is the first element in the periodic table. The element name is derived from Greek and originally meant to be water. Hydrogen was discovered by British chemist Cavendish in 1766, known as flammable air, and proved to produce water in combustion in the air. In 1787 Lavoisier, a French chemist, proved that hydrogen was a simple substance and was named. Hydrogen is abundant in the earths crust, which makes up 15.4% of the atoms, but weighs only 1%. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. On earth, hydrogen exists mainly in water and organic matter. There are three kinds of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium isotope. Under normal conditions for hydrogen gas is colorless, tasteless; gas molecules by double atoms; melting point of -259.14 ~ C, -252.8 ~ C boiling point, critical temperature critical pressure 12.98 33.19K, atmospheric pressure, gas density of 0.0899 Ksson; the water solubility of 21.4 cm 3/ kg of water (0 degrees C), slightly soluble in organic solvents. At normal temperatures, hydrogen is inert, but can be activated by suitable catalysts. At high temperatures hydrogen is highly reactive. Except rare gas elements, almost all elements can form compounds with hydrogen. The hydrides of nonmetallic elements are usually called hydrogen, such as hydrogen halides, hydrogen sulfide, etc. the hydrides of metal elements are called metal hydrides, such as lithium hydride and calcium hydroxide. Hydrogen is an important industrial raw material, and it is also the energy of the future. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Edit this paragraph helium (Helium) Element symbol He, atomic number 2, atomic weight 4.002602, is one kind of rare gas. The element name derives from Greek and is intended to be the sun. In 1868, someone used a spectroscope to observe the surface of the sun and found a new yellow line, which was thought to belong to an unknown ele