情态动词后接完成式分类小结.docVIP

情态动词后接完成式分类小结一、表示很有把握的肯定推测 即对于已发生情况或已存在状态进行很有把握的肯定推测,相当于汉语的“一定已经”“肯定已经”等,英语要用“must +完成式”。如: I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我没有听到电话铃,我一定是睡着了。 We left in a hurry and I must have left my keys behind. 我们走得很匆忙,我一定是把钥匙忘在家里了。 The bed is still warm;he must have left the bed just now. 床还是暖暖的,他必定是刚刚离开床的。 二、表示可能已经发生的情况 即对过去可能已经发生的情况作推测,其意思大致相当于“可能已经”,英语可用“can / could / may / might +完成式”来表示。但是can通常只用于否定句和疑问句,不用于肯定句,而could则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句;may和might通常都用于肯定句和否定句,很少用于疑问句。如: Don’t worry―they could have just forgotten to phone. 别担心――他们很可能只是忘了打电话。 He can’t have told you anything I don’t already know. 他不可能告诉你任何我不知道的事。 I’ll try phoning him,but he may [might] have gone out by now. 我要给他打电话,但他现在可能出去了。 三、表示过去未曾实现的想法 即表示过去本来有做某事的打算或意图,但实际上没有实现,其意思大致相当于“本来可以”,英语通常要用“could / would +完成式”。如: I would have written before,but I have been ill. 我本想给你写信的,但我生病了。 I would have preferred a bed,but beggars can’t be choosers so I slept on the sofa. 我本想要张床,但是叫花子不能挑肥拣瘦,所以我就睡在沙发上了。 I could have given you some hints,but I suppose you thought yourself too grand. 我本可以给你点提示的,但是我认为你太自负了。 四、表示过去未曾实现的可能性 即表示过去本来可能发生而实际上没有发生的情况,其意思大致相当于“本来可以”“本来可能”等,英语可用“could / might +完成式”。如: It’s difficult enough,but it could have been worse. 这事情够困难的了,本来可能会更糟呢! I was so angry that I could have killed him. 我是那样生气,差点把他杀了。 A lot of men died who might have been saved. 很多人本来可以获救的却死了。 有时也可根据语境译为“好在没有”“差点”等,尤其是当谈论的是“不好”的情况时。如: That was a bad place to go skiing―you could have broken your leg. 那不是一个滑雪的好地方,好在你没有把腿给摔断。 It was really very dangerous. I might have killed myself. 那真的是太危险了,我差点没命了。 五、对于所发生的情况表示批评或责备 即表示过去本来有责任或义务应该做某事的,但实际上却没有做成,含有批评和责备的意味,通常译为“本来应该”“本来可以”等,英语可用“could / might / should / ought to +完成式”。如: You could have helped me why did you just sit and watch? 你本可帮助我的,为什么只坐在一旁瞧着? She might have told me she was going to stay out all night. 她要是一夜不回来,应该事先告诉我一声呀。 I beg your pardon. I suppose I should have knocked. 对不起,我想我应该先敲一下门的。 若表示