愤世#8226;避世#8226;超越.docVIP

愤世#8226;避世#8226;超越【摘要】马致远的散曲代表作[双调#8226;夜行船]《秋思》奏出了元散曲隐逸主律的最强音符,从而被同代人推为“万中无一”的绝唱[1],他也赢得了“马神仙”#65380;“曲状元”#65380;“列群英之上”的称誉[2]#65377;可是,这些价值判断到了有些评论者那里,甚至倒了个儿#65377;马致远的散曲被认定是“逃避现实”“消极”“颓废”,还说“不过是前代山水田园诗的重复,在艺术上也没什么”这些评价影响了许多初学者的价值判断,让他们产生了错误的评判,影响了他们以后的学习与评断水平#65377;本文旨在改变这种错误的评价,让马致远的意义和价值在人们心中形成一个合适的#65380;正确的价值#65377; 【关键词】马致元;元散曲;隐逸;文人士字 Anger a life time?Avoid a life time?Surmount――try a theory horse with the result that far spread the recluse topic of song Ba Wen-hui 【Abstract】Horse with the result that far of spread a song representative work[does the double adjust?The night sail a boat]《autumn thoughts 》moved a dollar the most strong note which spread the song recluse lord Lyu, is thus and together push by the generation person for”ten thousand medium none” of unique sing[1], he also won “horse fairy”, “song form dollar”, “rows English on” of praise[2].But, these value judgment arrive some comment on there, even poured son.Horse with the result that far of spread a song to be affirm BE”refuse to face reality”“negative” and”decadent”, return say an evaluation in”however is front generation landscape idyll of repeated, on the art also nothing important” influence many raw recruit of value judgment, let they creation mistake of adjudicate, influence they later of study with judge level.This text aim at change this kind of mistake of evaluation, let horse with the result that far of meaning and value in the people’s heart formation an accommodation of, exactitude of value. 【Key words】Horse with the result that dollar;The dollar spread a song;Recluse;The scholar private’s word 一 隐逸不但是马致远散曲创作的重要主题,同时也是全元散曲的主旋律#65377;现存三千多首曲子中,除去像刘时中《上高监司》那样个别几篇作品,入世作品少得屈指可数,而出世之作却多得惊人#65377;一个时代的诗人同声唱起退隐之歌,其背后有着时代的直接原因#65377;公允地说,元代文献中并不乏最高统治者如忽必烈等为创立典章制度而优待个别士子的事例,但作为文士的整个阶层集体遭到统治阶级遗弃,却是空前严重的客观事实#65377;这是由于元朝统治集团整体文化水准极为低下所致#65377; “不读书有权,不识字有钱,不读书最高#65380;不识字最好”#65380;“善的人欺#65380;贪的人笑,读书人都累倒”[3]这些饱含激愤之情的曲句就是对元代斯文扫地的如实写照#65377;当时有位深得忽必烈宠信的功臣叫董文炳的临终叮嘱家人:“