仪表飞行员地面课程Lesson 14.ppt

Sierra Academy of Aeronautics IR Ground Lesson 14 IFR Weather Hazards What are we concerned about? What conditions must exist? How can we best avoid the hazards? What do we do if the conditions are encountered in flight? Reduced Visibility Our concerns: Avoidance of obstacles Safe taxi/takeoff/landing Legal takeoff/landing Alternate airport requirements (fuel?) Reduced Visibility Favorable Conditions: Temperature/Dewpoint Spread Precipitation (Snow, Heavy Rain) Fog (Moisture? Stability? Wind? Frontal Passage? Time of day?) Reduced Visibility How to avoid or minimize: Check latest reports/forecasts Know personal limits Know location of nearest VFR Avoid night IMC if possible Watch trend from weather reports/wait for favorable trend Take plenty of fuel Reduced Visibility If reduced visibility cannot be avoided: Have a plan (Which approach? Divert?) Be prepared for missed approach Upon landing, pay close attention to markings and signs/Use ATC for help Thunderstorms Our concerns: Lightning Windshear Turbulence Microburst Tornado Icing Hail Reduced Visibility Heavy Rain Altimeter Settings Thunderstorms Favorable Conditions: 1.High moisture content (DP 15) 2.Instability (lapse rates/check upper levels) 3.Lifting (Heat, Terrain, Fronts, Lows) Thunderstorms Avoidance: Rule #1: Don’t fly in or near convective activity if you haven’t before. (Get experience by flying with an experienced pilot.) Make sure aircraft is properly equipped (Detection Equipment, Engine Power, O2) Clear of clouds? Thunderstorm Avoidance (cont.) Plan flight for early morning or evening 20 miles Avoid flying beneath storms even if appears safe Thunderstorms What to do if accidentally penetrate a storm: Slow to Va Avoid excessive maneuvers (Turn around?) Turn on Pitot Heat, Carb Heat, Cabin Lights Tighten seatbelts, secure loose items Accept altitude/minor airspeed deviations Close or cover one eye Gusty Winds/Wind Shear Concerns: Controllability Performance at low altitude Remaining “centere