高中英语特殊句式精编.ppt

语法难点突破之八—— 特殊句式;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;主谓一致 一、语法一致原则 主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数，主语是复数，谓语用复数。 Tow students are waiting for you in your office. 两名学生在办公室等你。;二、意义一致原则 谓语动词用单数的情况 (1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。 (2)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。;(3)one/every one/each/either/the number of＋复数名词作主语。 Each of the students has a book.每个学生都有一本书。 (4)由every-，any-，some-，no-和-one，-thing，-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。 Is everybody here today？今天每个人都在这儿吗？;(5)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 劝他加入我们看起来确实难。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。 Whatever was left was taken away. 无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。 注意：what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What they need are books.他们需要的是书。; 谓语动词用复数的情况 (1)由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黄油都卖完了。 (2)people，police，cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。 (3)一些常用做复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods，stairs，arms等作主语。 The goods are made in China.这些货物都是中国制造的。;(4)由山脉、群岛、瀑布等以s结尾的专有名词作主语。 The Himalayas are the roof of the world. 喜马拉雅山脉是世界屋脊。 (5)a number of/quantities of/a group of＋名词作主语。 A number of other plants were found in America. 在美国发现了大量的其他植物。; 谓语动词单、复数视情况而定 (1)集体名词class，family，army，team，club，population，enemy，party，crowd，crew，audience，public，government，majority，group等作主语，强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。 The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas.中国人口很多，其中80%的人住在农村。;(2)单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语形式要根据其具体含义而定，这类词有：means，works，pains，deer，fish，sheep等。 Every means has been tried to solve the problem，but none is effective.每种方法都试过，但没有一个有效。 There are various means of communicating with a stranger. 同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。;(3)“kind，sort，pair，type＋名词”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。 The kind of paper is made of straw.这种纸是由稻草制成的。 Some kinds of animals are d