通过了晋升上级职称的各项考试现申请晋升上级职称请准予答辩.PPT

Transliteration Definition 1)It means rendering the letters of one alphabet into another language. 2)It is the simple matching of symbols between the alphabets of different languages. In other words, use the sound resources in the TL to imitate the sound features of the ST names (proper names) In E-C translation, it means the use of the sound of Chinese characters to imitate the pronunciation of English words. In C-E translation, it means the use of the Chinese pinyin to write Chinese characters The specific method In C-E translation, transform Chinese characters into Roman letters by means of Chinese pinyin. In E-C translation, use Chinese characters to imitate the sound features of an English word. Generally, an English syllable corresponds to a Chinese character. Sometimes, a consonant in the middle of a word, such as l, s and r, or at the end of a word, such as t, d, s, p, etc., may be rendered by a Chinese character. Principle 1. 人名、地名之类的专用名词；意义深奥、难懂的，无法用几个字说清的俗语，概念以及在汉语中找不到对应物的文化词语等可考虑音译。 2. 音译时译者不能加入个人情感和价值观念。 3. 音译词作为一种标记词 ，一般不应具有意义，若是具有意义，应与原义相一致，不允许随意增加或改变原义。 4. 应根据统一的译音表，使用规范的译音字进行，以使译名统一。 Types 1)Partial transliteration (1)Free translation + transliteration e.g.: ice-cream　冰淇淋 egg pie 蛋黄派 Internet 因特网 New Zealand 新西兰 Goldlion 金利来 Wonderful Hotel 稳德福酒楼 (2)Transliteration + a category word e.g.: beer　啤酒 sardine 沙丁鱼 golf 高尔夫球 jazz 　爵士乐 bar 酒吧 Budweiser　百威啤酒 toffee 太妃糖 hamburger 　汉堡包 pizza 　比萨饼 neon　霓虹灯 2)Full transliteration 完全音译 Chinese transliterations originating from English e.g.: trust 托拉斯， show秀, cool 酷, romantic 浪漫谛克, hysteria 歇斯底里, gene 基因, MEME 米姆，guitar 吉他, humor 幽默, shampoo 香波, Canon 佳能（复印机）, club 俱乐部, Marlboro万宝路（香烟）, shock 休克, film 菲林, sauna（BATH）桑拿, tae kwon do 跆拳道, TOEFL 托福, Siemens 西门子, Simmons 席梦思, Firenze (Florence) 翡冷翠, Ithaca 綺色佳, vaseline 凡士林, disco 迪斯科/迪士高, champagne 香槟, Fountainebleau 枫丹白露，cashmere　开士米，Carrefour 家乐福，Wal-Mart 沃乐玛，Metro　麦德隆， salad 沙拉，salon 沙龙，sofa 沙发，whisky 威士忌， ballet芭蕾, Master