抗生素替代品的研究进展 - 中国农学通报.pdf

中国农学通报 2014,30(35):97-106 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 抗生素替代品的研究进展 程古月，郝海红，谢书宇，王 旭，袁宗辉 （华中农业大学国家兽药残留基准实验室(HZAU)、农业部食品兽药残留检测重点实验室/ 农业部畜禽产品质量安全风险评估实验室（武汉），武汉430070 ） 摘 要：生长促进用抗生素的大量使用导致细菌耐药性问题日趋严重，同时传统抗生素的研发已进入瓶 颈期，给细菌感染性疾病的治疗带来许多不安因素。这种情况下抗生素替代品逐渐成为世界各国的研 究热点。文章就抗菌疫苗、免疫调节剂、噬菌体及其裂解酶、抗菌多肽、微生态制剂、植物提取物、细菌致 病力抑制剂以及饲用酶这8 类抗生素替代品的研发进展及存在问题进行分析和讨论，得出以下结论：兽 用抗生素替代品由于其局限性尚不能完全替代抗生素，只有建立科学的监控体系和继续开发完善抗生 素替代品才能减少抗生素不规范使用带来的负面效应，保证动物性食品的安全，从而实现畜牧业的绿色 和健康发展。 关键词：抗生素；抗生素替代品；研发进展；存在问题 中图分类号：S859.7 文献标志码：A 论文编号：2014-1628 AdvancesofAntibioticAlternatives ChengGuyue,HaoHaihong,XieShuyu,WangXu,YuanZonghui (NationalReferenceLaboratoryofVeterinaryDrugResidues(HZAU),MOAKeyLaboratoryfortheDetectionofVeterinaryDrug ResiduesinFoods/MOALaboratoryforRiskAssessmentofQualityandSafetyofLivestockandPoultryProducts，Huazhong AgriculturalUniversity,Wuhan430070) Abstract: Thepersistenceandspreadofantibioticresistancecausedbytheabuseofgrowth-promoting antibiotics,inconjunctionwiththebottleneckofdevelopmentofnewantibiotics,havecreatedthedangerous prospect of ineffective therapies against bacterial diseases. In this situation, national strategies aimed at discoveryanddevelopmentsofeffectiveantibioticalternatives,especiallyforagriculturalapplications,had been encouraged. This article overviewed eight kinds of antibiotic alternatives, including antibacterial vaccines,immunomodulatoryagents,bacteriophagesandtheirlysins,antimicrobialpeptides,pro-,pre-and synbiotics,plantextracts,inhibitorstargetingpathogenicityandfeedenzymes.Theprogressofresearchand development, problems and prospects of antibiotic alternatives were fully discussed. Because of their limitations, v