11.3 The kidney summary of mark schemes - （11.3马克计划的肾脏总结-）.pdf

11.3 The kidney – summary of mark schemes 11.3.1 Define excretion. Mark Scheme A. removal of waste from the body; B. products of metabolism / toxic waste products; 11.3.2 Draw and label a diagram of the kidney. Mark Scheme A. cortex shown at the edge of kidney; B. medulla shown inside the cortex (with pyramids); C. pelvis shown on the concave side of the kidney; D. ureter shown connecting with the pelvis / on concave side / hilum; E. renal artery shown connected to the concave / pelvis side / away from cortex; F. renal vein shown connected to the concave / pelvis side / away from cortex; 11.3.3 Annotate a diagram of a glomerulus and associated nephron to show the function of each part. Mark Scheme A. glomerulus; B. fenestrated capillaries; (shown as an enlarged diagram) C. afferent arteriole; D. efferent arteriole; (with smaller diameter than afferent) E. Bowman’s capsule; (shown as a continuation of proximal convoluted tubule)] F. ultrafiltration / high pressure in the glomerulus; G. glomerular filtrate produced in Bowman’s capsule; H. flows to proximal convoluted tubule; I. proximal convoluted tubule; (shown with convolutions) J. 80% of water reabsorbed; K. filtrate enters descending limb / loop of Henle; L. ascending and descending both labeled; M. descending limb permeable to water / water drawn out by osmosis; N. ascending limb pumps sodium into tissues; O. ascending limb impermeable to water; P. decrease in filtrate concentration (in ascending portion);