7. Pumps and Motors - Iowa State University（7所示。）.pdf

89 7. Pumps and Motors The focus of this publication is to identify best practices in energy efficiency for the chemical industry. While there are some standard approaches that are almost universally beneficial in pumping systems, it is vital to emphasize from the outset that rules of thumb provided in this document should not be used solely to determine the implementation of best practices; rather they should help identify best practices that have potential energy savings. Resources shall be provided with these rules of thumb to offer more in-depth information and suggestions on proceeding with the implementation of a best practice. 7.1 Explanation of Use Pumping systems are the single largest type of industrial end-user of motor-driven electricity in the United States, accounting for 25% of industrial motor energy usage. 36 Also, pumping systems account for nearly 20% of the world’s demand for electric energy.37 While pumps typically operate to serve various chemical process support equipments such as chillers, cooling towers, material transfer, etc., pumping is considered an individual process separate from the processes of the aforementioned equipment. A pump is a device used to raise, compress, or transfer fluids. The motors that power most pumps can be the focus of many best practices. It is common to model the operation of pumps via pump and system curves. Pump curves offer the horsepower, head, and flow rate figures for a specific pump at a constant rpm. System curves describe the capacity and head required by a pump system. An example of both of these curves may be seen in Figure 7. 1. 36 United States Industrial Motor Systems Market Opportunities Assessment, report by Xenergy for Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the U.S. Department