A Scala Tutorial for Java programmers（Java程序员的Scala教程）.pdf

A Scala Tutorial for Java programmers Version 1.3 January 16, 2014 Michel Schinz, Philipp Haller PROGRAMMING METHODS LABORATORY EPFL SWITZERLAND 2 1 Introduction This document gives a quick introduction to the Scala language and compiler. It is intended for people who already have some programming experience and want an overview of what they can do with Scala. A basic knowledge of object-oriented programming, especially in Java, is assumed. 2 A first example As a first example, we will use the standard Hello world program. It is not very fasci- nating but makes it easy to demonstrate the use of the Scala tools without knowing too much about the language. Here is how it looks: object HelloWorld { def main(args: Array[String]) { println(Hello, world!) } } The structure of this program should be familiar to Java programmers: it consists of one method called main which takes the command line arguments, an array of strings, as parameter; the body of this method consists of a single call to the pre- defined method println with the friendly greeting as argument. The main method does not return a value (it is a procedure method). Therefore, it is not necessary to declare a return type. What is less familiar to Java programmers is the object declaration containing the main method. Such a declaration introduces what is commonly known as a single- ton object, that is a class with a single instance. The declaration above thus declares both a class called HelloWorld and an instance of that class, also called HelloWorld.