Geologic block diagrams and relative age（地质方框图和相对年龄）.pdf

Geologic block diagrams and relative age (Based on an exercise in Tarbuck, Lutgens, Pinzke. 2006. Applications and Investigations in Earth Science, 5th edition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.) In your reading assignments and in class, you ’ve learned about the principles and techniques geologists use to decipher the Earth ’s history by placing geological events in their proper sequence and establishing how long ago the event occurred. The exercises below ask you to use the information you ’ve learned to interpret hypothetical portions of the geologic column. For the 2nd lab exam you should be able to 1. List and explain some of the principles that are used to determine relative ages of geological events. 2. Determine the sequence of geological events that have occurred in an area by applying the techniques and procedures for relative dating. Terms you should be able to define and concepts you should understand: Relative dating (see lecture notes) Uniformitarianism (see lecture notes) Principle of Horizontality (see lecture notes) Principle of Superposition (see lecture notes) Inclusion (see below) Unconformity (see text, section 4-4) Cross-cutting (see below) Figure one illustrates a geological cross section, a side view, of the rocks beneath the surface of a hypothetical region. Use this figure to answer the two questions below the figure. Figure 1. Geological block diagram of a hypothetical region showing igneous intrusive features andsedimentary rocks. 1. Of the two sequences of rocks, A-D and E-G, which were disturbed by crustal movement after its deposition, A-D or E-G? What principal did you apply to arrive at your conclusion? 2. Apply the principle of superposition to determine the relative ages of the undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks. List the oldest rock first. Oldest _________________________________________Youngest Inclusions Inclusions are pieces of one rock unit that are contained within another unit