Geological methods in Archeology of ancient （在考古古代地质方法）.pdf

Geological methods in Archeology of ancient Mediterranean harbors Frank Scholze1 1Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Abstract. Ancient harbor sites in the Mediterranean have always been of special interest for archeologist. In geoarcheology, the archeological and geologic meth- ods are used for reconstructions of paleogeography and paleoenvironment in an- cient harbor sites. Several types of ancient harbor preservation can be distin- guished. The ancient Troia is an example for a buried land-locked Mediterranean harbor site, where the accumulation of delta sediments by Karamenderes river caused a progradating coast line. The usage of geological tools like core drilling and biostratigraphy combined with the help of 14C-dating enable a reconstruction of the evolution of the alluvial plain of Troia since the Holocene. Introduction There are several important archeological sites in the Mediterranean. But not only the cities and their relicts of ancient buildings like an antic theatre are of ar- cheological interest, also their ancient harbors have a high scientific relevance. Since centuries scientist were researching on these old human occupation sites and try to reconstruct them. Beside the classical archeological methods used for reconstruction of an archeological site, the usage of modern geological methods are necessary to integrate morphological and environmental aspects to understand the development of the landscape, the structure of social communities, and the economic relations. Coastal changes and ancient Mediterranean harbors There are several reasons for the declining of an ancient Mediterranean harbor. Besides wars and diseases as anthropogenic reasons, also environmental changes like a progradating delta, coastal dynamics, tectonic subsidence, high sedimentary 2 Frank Scholze1 supply, tectonic uplift, floods, and a changing sea le