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Habitable Zone Lifetimes of Exoplanets around (宜居带寿命的系外行星)
ASTROBIOLOGY
Volume 13, Number 9, 2013
ª Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
DOI: 10.1089/ast.2012.0938
Habitable Zone Lifetimes of Exoplanets around Main
Sequence Stars
1 1,2 3 1,4
Andrew J. Rushby, Mark W. Claire, Hugh Osborn, and Andrew J. Watson
Abstract
The potential habitability of newly discovered exoplanets is initially assessed by determining whether their
orbits fall within the circumstellar habitable zone of their star. However, the habitable zone (HZ) is not static in
time or space, and its boundaries migrate outward at a rate proportional to the increase in luminosity of a star
undergoing stellar evolution, possibly including or excluding planets over the course of the star’s main sequence
lifetime. We describe the time that a planet spends within the HZ as its ‘‘habitable zone lifetime.’’ The HZ
lifetime of a planet has strong astrobiological implications and is especially important when considering the
evolution of complex life, which is likely to require a longer residence time within the HZ. Here, we present
results from a simple model built to investigate the evolution of the ‘‘classic’’ HZ over time, while also providing
estimates for the evolution of stellar luminosity over time in order to develop a ‘‘hybrid’’ HZ model. These
models return estimates for the HZ lifetimes of Earth and 7 confirmed HZ exoplanets and 27 unconfirmed Kepler
candidates. The HZ lifetime for Earth ranges between 6.29 and 7.79 · 109 years (Gyr). The 7 exoplanets fall in a
range between *1 and 54.72 Gyr, while the 27 Kepler candidate planets’ HZ lifetimes range between 0.43 and
18.8 Gyr. Our results show that exoplanet HD 85512b is no longer within the HZ, assuming it has
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