Product Reliability and MTBF final - （产品的可靠性和平均无故障时间最后-）.pdf

  MTBF and Product Reliability  Product Reliability is defined as the probability that a device will perform its required function, subjected to stated conditions, for a specific period of time. Product Reliability is quantified as MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) for repairable product and MTTF (Mean Time To Failure) for non-repairable product. Now that we’ve defined it, how can we measure it, or better yet, how can we predict it? The Famous Bathtub Curve Figure 1 shows the reliability “bathtub curve” which models the cradle to grave instantaneous failure rate vs. time, which we would see if we were to wait long enough and keep good records for a given lot of devices. This curve is modeled mathematically by exponential functions. More on this later. Early  Wearout  e  Life  t a R   e r u l Useful  i a F Life Time  Figure 1. Reliability Bathtub Curve The life of a population of devices (a group of devices of the same type) can be divided into three distinct periods: Early Life If we follow the slope from the leftmost start to where it begins to flatten out this can be considered the first period. The first period is characterized by a decreasing failure rate. It is what occurs during the “early life” of a population of units. The weaker units fail leaving a population that is more rigorous. Useful Life The next period is the flat bottom portion of the graph. It is called the “useful life” period. Failures occur more in a random sequence during this time. It is difficult to predi