干旱区绿洲演变与适宜发展规模研究——以塔里木河流域为例.PDFVIP

2013 1 21 1 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Jan. 2013, 21(1): 134−140 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2013.00134 * 以塔里木河流域为例 陈亚宁 陈忠升 ( 830011) 绿洲是干旱区人类活动的载体, 水是绿洲存在和发展的核心, 干旱区绿洲规模及可持续性问题与水 密切相关。本文以中国西北干旱区的塔里木河流域为研究对象, 依据水热平衡原理, 建立绿洲适宜规模数学模 型, 结合现状气象水文资料, 测算绿洲适宜发展规模。结果表明: (1)在自然因素和人为因素的综合作用下, 绿 洲一直处于时空演变的过程; (2)水资源的消长变化是影响绿洲时空演变的直接驱动力; (3)水资源是制约绿洲 发展规模的根本原因, 在塔里木河流域水资源供给现状下, 可利用水资源量已达到所能维系的最大绿洲规模, 耕地面积不宜再扩大。最后, 结合对塔里木河流域水土资源开发和绿洲发展存在的问题, 提出在干旱区绿洲农 业发展过程中, 要着力发展绿洲节水产业, 大力推广节水技术, 改进灌溉方式, 加快径流调节工程建设, 实现 地表水和地下水联合调度和管理, 提高水资源利用率。为干旱区绿洲可持续管理提供科学参考依据。 干旱区 绿洲演变 可利用水量 适宜规模 塔里木河流域 : X37 : A : 1671-3990(2013)01-0134-07 Analysis of oasis evolution and suitable development scale for arid regions: a case study of the Tarim River Basin CHEN Ya-Ning, CHEN Zhong-Sheng (State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China) Abstract Water is the core of the development and existence of oasis, which is itself the carrier of arid human activities. Therefore, scale and sustainability issues of oasis are closely related with the availability of water in arid regions. This paper examined the Tarim River Basin (TRB) in the arid northwest China as a case study. Based on principles of water and heat balance, a mathematical model for suitable scales of oases was established. The model was used to calculate oasis suitable scale by combini