Public Goods 准公共物品.PPT

The management of the non-motor vehicles Wuhan Traffic Management Bureau 武汉市公安局交通管理局 Notice on strengthening the management of the electric bicycle 关于加强电动车管理的通告 The management of motor vehicles Wuhan Traffic Management Bureau 武汉市公安局交通管理局 Notice on the management during the maintenance of the second Yangtze River Bridge in Wuhan 关于长江二桥维修施工期间交通管理的通告 The impact of these policies on road traffic congestion 这些政策对道路交通拥堵的影响 The construction of CRC lines dominated by the government which increases the road supply efficiently 由政府主导的轨道交通的建设，有效增加道路交通供给 Registration management of electric bicycle will weaken the negative externality for road traffic congestion 电动车上牌管理，削弱非机动车对道路交通拥堵的负的外部效应 Reasonable division on wayleave of motor vehicles will weaken the negative externality for road traffic congestion 将机动车通行权合理划分，削弱机动车在道路维护期间负的外部效应 Hubei formulated water Pollution Control Ordinance, to encourage emissions trading Case Analysis The influence of public policy towards public goods Formulate taxes to correct the effects of a negative externality. Reduce sewage emissions through emissions trading. Punish the enterprises which poured sewage excessively to protect water quality. CONCLUSION: THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPERTY RIGHTS 结论: 产权的重要性 The market fails to allocate resources efficiently when property rights are not well-established (i.e. some item of value does not have an owner with the legal authority to control it). 当产权没有得到很好的建立（即某些价值项目并不具有以合法权威予以控制的所有者）时，市场就不能有效地配置资源。 When the absence of property rights causes a market failure, the government can potentially solve the problem. 当产权缺失引起市场失灵时，政府有可能解决这一难题。 Summry Goods differ in whether they are excludable and whether they are rival. 产品在是否具有排他性或者竞争性方面有所不同 A good is excludable if it is possible to prevent someone from using it. 如果某一产品有可能排除某人使用，那么它就是具有排他性的。 A good is rival if one person’s enjoyment of the good prevents other people from enjoying the same unit of the good. 如果某人对该产品的享用阻止其他人享用该产品的相同单位，那么该产品就是具有竞争性的。 Publ